Entamoeba histolytica is the responsible parasite of amoebiasis and. Of intestinal and extraintestinal disease when amebiasis is suspected, radiologic and endoscopic examination may lend further support for a diagnosis. Trophozoites are best seen in direct saline smears or in stained sections of affected colonic tissue. Amebiasis is defined by the world health organization who and pan american health organization paho as infection with entamoeba histolytica, regardless of symptomatology. Entamoeba histolytica is currently estimated to cause about 50 million. Additionally, serologic tests can help diagnose extraintestinal amebiasis. Amebiasis amebic dysentery disease and epidemiology clinical description.
Links to pubmed are also available for selected references. Metastasis to the liver involves the portal vein which carries blood from the colon directly to the liver. Amebiasis is a disease caused by entamoeba histolytica, a unicellular eukaryotic parasite. Antigen consists of a crude soluble extract of axenically cultured organisms. Amebiasis is an intestinal bowel illness caused by a microscopic tiny parasite called entamoeba histolytica, which is spread through human feces poop. Cdcs freeliving and intestinal amebas laboratory can make a specific diagnosis by using a duplex realtime pcr capable of detecting and distinguishing e. Amoebiasis is more closely related to poor sanitation and socioeconomic status than to climate. Amebiasis is an infectious disease caused by the anaerobic protozoan entamoeba histolytica. Amebiasis entamoeba histolytica 1990 case definition. The 1990 case definition appearing on this page was republished in the 1997 mmwr recommendations and reports titled case definitions for infectious conditions under public health surveillance. Amebiasis articles case reports symptoms treatment, australia. Amoebiasis remains an important health problem in tropical countries where sanitation infrastructure and health are often inadequate ximenez et al. Although most cases of amebiasis are asymptomatic, dysentery and invasive extraintestinal disease can occur. It can affect anyone, although it is more common in people who live in tropical areas with poor sanitary conditions.
Amebiasis is defined as infection with entamoeba histolytica, regardless of associated symptomatology. Amebiasis knowledge for medical students and physicians. Amebiasis intestinal y extra intestinal slideshare. Most of the patients, who present clinically with an amebic liver abscess, do not have coexistent dysentery, although a past history of dysentery is common. Persons with amebiasis may experience a wide range of symptoms, including diarrhea, fever, and cramps. These parasites are difficult to find, because many animals with extraintestinal amebiasis have no concurrent intestinal infection. Get a printable copy pdf file of the complete article 1. Amoebiasis is a disease caused by the parasite entamoeba histolytica.
This complication is 10 times more common in adult men than in adult women. It is a major health problem in china, south east and west asia and latin america, especially mexico. Full text full text is available as a scanned copy of the original print version. Entamoeba histolytica is the etiological agent of human amebiasis.
The liver is the primary site of extraintestinal amebiasis and hematogenous spread to other organs is rare. The highest prevalence of amebiasis is in developing countries where barriers between human feces and food and water supplies are inadequate see epidemiology. Amebiasis is a parasitic disease of worldwide public health importance. Entamoeba histolytica is the responsible parasite of amoebiasis and remains one of the. Most patients have a gradual illness onset days or weeks after infection. A read is counted each time someone views a publication summary such as the title, abstract, and list of authors, clicks on a figure, or views or downloads the fulltext. Amebiasis intra y extraintestinales by jenny pun on prezi. Patients suffering this infection have been found to have potentially fatal lesions of dead and dying intestinal cells form in the liver, lungs, spleen, kidneys, or brain. Combining serological testing with pcr or antigen detection is. Symptoms, when they occur, are multiple and varied, ranging from mild abdominal discomfort and diarrhea often with blood and mucus alternating with periods.
Transmission usually occurs via the fecaloral route e. Only about 10% to 20% of people who are infected with e. Amebiasis amebyasis is an infection of the intestine caused by a parasite an organism living in or on another organism. If the amebae are able to penetrate into the underlying tissues of the intestine, this would allow for the spread of the infection to other organs. In resourcerich nations, this parasitic protozoan is seen primarily in travelers to and. Grecu f1, bulgariu t, blanaru o, dragomir c, lunca c, stratan i, manciuc c, luca v. For symptomatic intestinal infection and extraintestinal disease, treatment with metronidazole or tinidazole should be followed by treatment with iodoquinol or paromomycin. Definitive diagnosis depends on finding e histolytica trophozoites or cysts in feces. Dissemination to other tissues most often entails the direct extension of hepatic or colonic lesions.
Amebic liver abscess is the most common extraintestinal manifestation of amebiasis. Uptodate, electronic clinical resource tool for physicians and patients that provides information on adult primary care and internal medicine, allergy and immunology, cardiovascular medicine, emergency medicine, endocrinology and diabetes, family medicine, gastroenterology and hepatology, hematology, infectious diseases, nephrology and. Amebic liver abscess is the most common manifestation of invasive amebiasis, but other organs can also be involved, including pleuropulmonary, cardiac, cerebral, renal, genitourinary, peritoneal, and. Depending on its manifestation, amebiasis is termed either intestinal or extraintestinal. Amebiasis entamoeba histolytica 1990 case definition the 1990 case definition appearing on this page was republished in the 1997 mmwr recommendations and reports titled case definitions for infectious conditions under public health. Between 20 and 2017, an average of 111 cases confirmed and probable of amebiasis were reported per year in ontario. The results from all the six str loci were merged and a. Amoebiasis a major health problem amoebiasis is estimated to cause 70,000 deaths per year world wide symptoms can range from mild diarrhea to dysentery with blood and mucus in the stool. Combining serological testing with pcr or antigen detection is currently the best diagnostic approach 2. Infections can be intestinal, extraintestinal, or both. Amoebiasis is a parasitic disease caused by entamoeba histolytica e. Amebae establish hepatic infection by ascending the portal.
Pathophysiology is a parasitic disease caused by the organism, entamoeba histolytica infection involves ingestion of cysts in focally contaminated food or water cyst stage is the infective stage. Clinical features of amoebiasis range from asymptomatic colonization to amoebic colitis dysentery or diarrhea and invasive extraintestinal amoebiasis, which is manifested. Amoebiasis is a common infection of the human gastrointestinal tract. Colonoscopy can provide a wide spectrum of findings, from rare largebowel ulcers in mild disease to diffuse mucosal ulceration, hemorrhage, colonic stricture, and. Amebiasis definition of amebiasis by medical dictionary. Definition amebiasis is an infectious disease caused by a parasitic onecelled microorganism protozoan called entamoeba histolytica. Severe amoebiasis infections known as invasive or fulminant amoebiasis occur in two major forms. Extraintestinal entamoeba histolytica amebiasis uptodate. Often there are no symptoms, but, sometimes it causes diarrhea loose stoolpoop, nausea a feeling of sickness in the stomach, and weight loss. For that purpose the terms amebiasis, odd entamoeba histolytica, entamoeba, diagnosis, epidemiology, dysentery, amebic liver abscess, were used. The world health organization has recommended that intestinal infection be diagnosed with an e. Extraintestinal manifestations include amebic liver abscess and other more rare manifestations such as pulmonary, cardiac, or brain involvement.
Individuals at risk for developing fulminant amebiasis after initial infection with e. Unusual extraintestinal manifestations of amebiasis include direct extension of the liver abscess to pleura or pericardium, cutaneous amebiasis, and brain abscess. Amebiasis enfermedades parasitarias del tracto digestivo. Soluble antigens from an axenic culture of entamoeba histolytica were used to develop a commercial elisa kit to quantify antie.
This condition, which results from the migration of trophozoites from the colon to the liver through the portal circulation, is 10 times more common in adults than in children and 3 times more frequent in. The disease may also affect the intestines, liver, or other parts of the body. Among asymptomatic persons, a positive serologic test does not necessarily indicate extraintestinal amebiasis. Amebiasis is caused by entamoeba histolytica see the image below, a protozoan that is found worldwide see etiology. Phylogenetic reconstruction through the neighborjoining method from intergenic trna. Eating contaminated food drinking contaminated water being exposed to. Disseminated, extra intestinal disease such as liver abscess. Symptoms include cramps, watery or bloody diarrhea, and weight loss.